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''Bezirk Bialystok'' (German for District or Region of Białystok, also ''Belostok''),〔(Ostland Atlas, at Libx.BSU.edu )〕 was the new administrative unit of Nazi Germany that existed during the World War II occupation of Poland. It was located to the south-east of East Prussia, in the present-day northeastern Poland as well as in smaller sections of adjacent present-day Belarus and Lithuania.〔 The territory lay to the east of the Molotov-Ribbentrop line and was consequently occupied by the Soviet Union and incorporated into the Belarussian Soviet Socialist Republic. In the aftermath of the German attack on the Soviet Union in June 1941, this western portion of the then Soviet Belarus (which until 1939 belonged to the Polish state), was placed under German Civilian Administration (''Zivilverwaltungsgebiet''). As the ''Bezirk Bialystok'', the area was under German rule from 1941 to 1944/1945, without ever formally being incorporated into the German Reich.〔Marcin Markiewicz, (Bezirk Bialystok ) (in) ''Represje hitlerowskie wobec wsi białostockiej'', (PDF file, direct download 873 KB) Biuletyn IPN nr 35-36 (12/2003-1/2004), ISSN: 1641-9561. Internet Archive.〕 The district was established because of its perceived military importance as a bridgehead on the far bank of the Memel. Germany had desired to annex the area even during the First World War, based on the historical claim arising from the Third Partition of Poland, which had delegated Białystok to Prussia from 1795 to 1806 (see New East Prussia). In contrast to most other territories that lay east of the Molotov-Ribbentrop line and which were permanently annexed by the Soviet Union following the Second World War, most of the territory was later returned to Poland.〔 ==History== After the start of Operation Barbarossa against the Soviet forces in eastern Poland, the invading Wehrmacht soldiers first murdered 379 people, 'pacified' 30 villages, burned down 640 houses and 1,385 industrial buildings in the area.〔Marcin Markiewicz, ( ''"Represje hitlerowskie wobec wsi białostockiej" (Nazi Repressions Against the Białystok Countryside)'' ) in Bulletin of the Institute of National Remembrance (Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej), issue: 121, pages: 65-68. 〕 The first decree for the implementation of Civil Administration in these newly occupied eastern territories was issued on 17 July 1941. The borders of this area ran from the southeastern protrusion of East Prussia (the Suwalki triangle) following the Neman river up to Mosty (excluding Grodno), including Volkovysk and Pruzhany up to the Bug River to the west of Brest-Litovsk and then following the border of the General Government to East Prussia.〔 The establishment of ''Bezirk Bialystok'' followed on 1 August 1941; it was simultaneously excluded from the operational zones of the German Army in the Soviet Union. From then until 1944, Gestapo and SS engaged in executions in the area, for example in the Nowosiółki forests near Choroszcz, where 4,000 people were executed. Other places of execution and atrocity existed like in the Osuszek forest near the village of Piliki.〔 At the same time, some small areas to the east of the 1939–1941 German-Soviet border were incorporated into the East Prussian district of Scharfenwiese. With this the city of Scharfenwiese henceforth held more hinterland to the east.〔 The center of administration for ''Bezirk Bialystok'' was the Polish city of Białystok. The East Prussian Higher President and Gauleiter Erich Koch from Königsberg (modern-day Kaliningrad) was appointed Civilian Commissioner for the area, later Chief of Civil Administration (''Chef-der-Zivilverwaltung''). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bezirk Bialystok」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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